During normal aging, pathological alterations occur as proteins react with sugars to form non-functioning structures in the body. This cross-linking of sugars and proteins is called glycation. Unsightyly wrinkled skin - one of the most obvious signs of aging - is just one manifestation of glycation. Unfortunately, the damaging effects of glycation are more than skin deep. The excessive accumulation of non-functioning structures known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) damages the body's cellular structure. Numerous studies have found that the proper dose of a nutrient called carnosine is the safest, most effective way to prevent the formation of damaging AGEs. Carnosine is a multifunctional dipeptide made up of a chemical combination of the amino acids beta-alanine and L-histidine. It is found both in food and in the human body. Long-lived cells such as nerve cells (neurons) and muscle cells (myocytes) contain high levels of carnosine. Muscle levels of carnosine correlate with the maximum life spans of animals. Carnosine levels decline with age. Muscle levels decline 63% from age 10 to age 70, which may account for the normal age-related decline in muscle mass and function. Since carnosine acts as a pH buffer, it can keep on protecting muscle cell membranes from oxidation under the acidic conditions of muscular exertion. Carnosine enables the heart muscle to contract more efficiently through enhancement of calcium response in heart myocytes. Aging causes irreversible damage to the body?s proteins. The underlying mechanism behind this damage is glycation. A simple definition of glycation is the cross-linking of proteins and sugars to form non-functioning structures in the body. The process of glycation can be superficially seen as unsightly wrinkled skin. Glycation is also an underlying cause of age-related catastrophes including the neurologic, vascular, and eye problems. Carnosine is a unique dipeptide that interferes with the glycation process. When compared to the anti-glycating drug aminoguanidine, carnosine has been shown to inhibit glycation earlier in the process and also provides additive health benefits. The combination of taurine, carnosine, benfotiamine (unique synthetic variant of vitamin B1), and vitamin B1 provides a multifaceted, body-wide shield against increased aging caused by glycation. | 
